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Venezuelan-born Muguruza won the French Open in 2016 and Wimbledon in 2017, and she reached the final of the Australian Open in 2020.
Muguruza defeated Anett Kontaveit 6-3, 7-5 to become the first Spaniard to win the WTA Finals title.
In their first career meeting, Muguruza's superior firepower put Badosa on the back foot from the outset.
Karolina Pliskova missed the cut despite her comeback victory over Barbora Krejcikova.
The Spaniard, a former world No.1, was down a set and a break but fought back strongly to beat Jabeur 3-6, 6-3, 6-0 to claim her second title of the year and ninth overall.
Osaka battled back from the brink to reach the quarterfinals.
The 21-year-old Kenin, seeded 14th at Melbourne Park, converted her second match point against the twice Grand Slam champion, who double faulted on the final point, to end an engrossing contest.
Defending champion Nadal was stunned by Argentine Diego Schwartzman in the quarterfinals.
Muguruza stormed back into the Grand Slam big time with an emphatic 7-5, 6-3 win over Russian Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova to reach her first Australian Open semifinal.
The unseeded former world No. 1 won 6-3, 6-3 on Rod Laver Arena and faces 30th seed Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova of Russia in the last eight.
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