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The title gap blew out to 62 points with three rounds remaining and 86 points still to be won.
Verstappen's podium finish left him 57 points clear with five rounds remaining.
It was the McLaren driver's third career GP win.
Verstappen has now failed to win any of the last six GPs after claiming the honours in seven of the first 10.
It was the first time since the race returned to the calendar in 2021 that Verstappen had not triumphed at Zandvoort and extended his losing streak this season to five races.
Horner, whose team is currently leading both championships, had denied the accusations.
The 39-year-old Mercedes driver's last win before Silverstone was in Saudi Arabia on December 5, 2021, and Sunday was a record-extending 104th of his career.
McLaren's Oscar Piastri finished second with Ferrari's Carlos Sainz third at Spielberg's Red Bull Ring.
Red Bull's Dutch driver has extended his championship lead to 69 points.
The Dutchman grimly hung on to claim his sixth victory from nine races this season and the 60th of his Formula One career.
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