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Satwik and Chirag, the Asian Games gold medallists, went down 21-9, 18-21, 17-21 to Liang and Wang.
The Indian doubles pair beat Korean duo Min Hyuk and Seung Jae in the semifinals.
Satwik and Chirag humbled China's Ren Xiang Yu and He Ji Ting in straight games.
Ashwini Ponnappa and Tanisha Crasto shocked seventh-seeded Japanese pair of Wakana Nagahara and Mayu Matsumoto to inch closer in their effort to qualify for the Paris Olympics.
The Indian pair went down 16-21, 21-11, 15-21 to China's Liang Wei Keng and Wang Chang.
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists Treesa Jolly and Gayatri Gopichand fought hard before going down 13-21, 21-15, 17-21 to Bulgaria's Gabriela Stoeva and Stefani Stoeva in the women's doubles pre-quarterfinals.
Sixth seed Sindhu, who was playing her first match since she sustained a stress fracture on her left ankle in August, lost 12-21, 10-21, 15-21 to Carolina Marin of Spain in 59 minutes.
Two-time Commonwealth Games champion Saina went down 12-21, 21-17, 12-21 to Han Yue of China.
Sindhu, seeded seventh, squandered a game lead to lose 13-21, 21-15, 21-13 to the second seed Tai Tzu for the sixth time in row.
London Olympics bronze medallist Saina went down fighting to American Iris Wang, 11-21 17-21.
Results 1-10 of 11
