Space docking experiment: Spacecraft injected into right orbit, ISRO eyes another tech feat

Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh): ISRO achieved a significant milestone late Monday with the successful launch of PSLV-C60, placing two spacecraft designed to demonstrate space docking technology into a precise 475 km circular orbit. The Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission marks a critical step in India's advancement toward ambitious space programs, including the construction of its own space station by 2035. Mission Director M Jayakumar confirmed the mission's success, stating, "PSLV-C60 mission accomplished as a SpaDeX spacecraft is considered."

ISRO Chairman S Somanath elaborated on the mission's details from the Mission Control Centre, explaining that the two spacecraft, Spacecraft A (SDX01) or the 'Chaser' and Spacecraft B (SDX02) or the 'Target,' were placed into orbit after a 15-minute flight.

"As far as we are concerned, the rocket has placed the spacecraft in the right orbit. The SpaDeX satellites have moved one behind the other, and over time, they will travel about 20 km apart before initiating the rendezvous and docking process," Somanath said. The docking is expected to occur around January 7, he added.

The mission also carried the POEM-4 module, which includes 24 payloads from startups, academia, industries, and ISRO centres, designed for research and development over the next two months. Somanath mentioned that these payloads are attached to the rocket’s fourth stage and will be activated after lowering the orbit to 350 km.

In a post-launch briefing, Somanath emphasized the mission's importance in the context of India's expanding space ambitions. "This mission is critical for us to work on future programs like the Chandrayaan-4 mission, lunar sample return missions, and building space stations," he said, expressing pride in the accomplishment.

SpaDeX Project Director N Surendran highlighted the technical achievements of the mission, noting that the solar panels of the spacecraft deployed successfully. He expressed optimism about the docking process, which is expected to be operational by early January.

Mission Director Jayakumar praised the team for their efforts, noting that the mission featured exciting experiments in POEM-4, including debris capture and biological studies. Surendran lauded the record-setting pace of two PSLV launches within the same month.

The SpaDeX mission represents a prelude to ISRO’s broader goals, including interplanetary missions and satellite servicing. By mastering in-space docking technology, ISRO aims to join an elite group of nations—China, Russia, and the US—with similar capabilities.

“In-space docking technology is essential when multiple rocket launches are required to achieve common mission objectives. Through this mission, India is marching towards becoming the fourth country in the world to have space docking technology,” ISRO stated.

The PSLV-C60 launch signifies a pivotal step in India’s journey toward establishing a strong foothold in advanced space technologies, furthering its vision of becoming a leading space power.