'Kadannal' or wasp attack: Precautions, remedies and safety tips

Two elderly women who were admitted to the hospital after being stung by a swarm of wasps died recently in Kerala's Erumely. Allergic reactions are the most common cause of death in such cases. Wasps release a kind of poison into the human body when they sting. The body would then naturally resist the poison, which may lead to shortness of breath, loss of voice, inflammation in the chest and vomiting. Besides, the poison could even affect the functioning of the lungs and heart. Minor wasp stings may not be dangerous in those who are generally healthy. However, it may lead to death in people who suffer from allergies and other health problems.

The hornet wasp that attacked humans in Erumely recently is bigger than regular wasps and could grow up to 5 cm. A single nest can contain up to one thousand wasps. So, if the nest is broken, a swarm of thousands of wasps could attack you. A single wasp could sting you multiple times, making it worse. It isn’t dangerous if you are stung by a single wasp only once. But your life could be in danger when attacked by a swarm of wasps.

Precautions to avoid being stung
1) Stay away from potential areas where hornet wasps are likely to build nests, such as trees, bushes, or under eaves.
2) If you're working in areas where hornets or wasps might be, wear light-coloured, long-sleeved clothing and closed-toe shoes. Avoid wearing bright colours or floral prints, which may attract them.
3) If you encounter a hornet or wasp, remain calm and avoid swatting at it, as quick movements may provoke them.
4) You can use insect repellent that targets wasps to keep them away, especially outdoors.
5) They are attracted to sugary foods and strong scents, so avoid eating sweets outdoors and using strong perfumes, especially in areas where their presence is suspected.

First aid: If stung by a wasp...
1) If a single wasp attacked you, the first thing to do is move to a safer place. Wasps often attack in swarms, targeting your face and head first. Cover your head and face using sacks or thick clothes if you suspect it's possible. You could also sit inside closed vehicles like cars; do not forget to roll up the windows.
2) If stung by a single wasp, the sting area should be washed using clean water. Press a few ice cubes here before rushing to the hospital. In some people, health may deteriorate only 12 hours after getting stung. It is common for people to apply turmeric, toothpaste, and honey to the sting area; however, there is no scientific backing for this.

3) According to John Hopkins Medical University, you can remove the stinger by gently scraping across the area with a blunt-edged object like a dull knife, fingernail, or credit card. Do not squeeze to pull it out, as this can release more venom.
4) If the sting is on your legs or arms, keep it raised to reduce swelling.
5) To reduce pain or itching, apply calamine lotion and take ibuprofen. You can also take an antihistamine approved by your doctor. In case of serious reactions, do not self-treat and rush the patient to a doctor.