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He clinched the gold by five-thousandths of a second in 9.79 seconds, pushing Thompson behind.
In a photo-finish, Jamaica's Kishane Thompson claimed silver, just five-thousandths of a second off Lyles' pace.
He delighted the London crowd with a trademark come-from-behind win in a personal best of 9.81 seconds - a two hundredths of a second improvement.
The 2023 World Athletics Awards have been divided into track, field and out-of-stadia categories following feedback received during the voting process, the organisers said.
The 26-year-old Lyles came off the corner as if catapulted from a slingshot and pulled away down the straight to win in 19.52 seconds, just shy of his world-leading time of 19.47.