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The two-time Olympic medallist displayed her immaculate retrieving skills and exemplary net play to outshine Katethong.
Sindhu, seeded seventh, squandered a game lead to lose 13-21, 21-15, 21-13 to the second seed Tai Tzu for the sixth time in row.
It was the world No 6 Zii Jia's second title on the trot after winning the Asian crown in Manila earlier this month.
Competing in her third Olympics, Tai Tzu finally stood atop the podium, finishing with a silver medal after going down to Chen Yu Fei of China 18-21, 21-19, 18-21 in the final.
Sindhu and Srikanth fought their hearts out before suffering close defeats.
Tai Tzu-ying outplayed Saina Nehwal 21-13,13-21 , 21-6 in the final.
Sixth seed He pulled off a hard-fought 21-18, 7-21, 21-13 win over the top seed to set up a semifinal date with Olympic champion Carolina Marin of Spain.
Tai Tzu-ying beat Sindhu 21-16, 21-16 in the quarterfinal, while Saina was no match for Carolina Marin.
Former world no 1 Tai Tzu, playing in her fourth straight All England final, overcame top-seeded Chinese Chen Yu Fei 21-19, 21-15 to claim her third title at the prestigious tournament.
17-year-old An Se-Young roared back from a game down to defeat Tai 14-21, 21-18, 21-16 in 66 thrilling minutes.
Results 1-10 of 11