Doctors and medical professionals always stress the importance of drinking adequate water, as the body needs water to function properly. However, the pertinent question regarding water intake is, how much is too much? Drinking lots of water can have serious health consequences, including death. Experts say drinking too much too fast can adversely affect the sodium level in the body, resulting in hyponatremia.
It may be noted that sodium, an important electrolyte, plays a pivotal role in controlling the balance of fluids inside and outside the cells. Sodium is also inevitable in nerve signalling and muscle function. Moreover, the kidneys would find it tough to remove excess water effectively. Water intoxication can also result in excess water entering the bloodstream and diluting the sodium content in the blood. The fluid balance can go awry with a dip in sodium, resulting in surplus water entering the cells and causing them to swell. The swelling can be innocuous in other parts of the body, not the brain. As the brain is enclosed in the skull, the swelling of brain cells can put more pressure on the skull, leading to cerebral oedema. The increased pressure in the skull can cause headaches, seizures, confusion, coma and sometimes death.
Symptoms of water intoxication
The symptoms of water overdose are nausea and vomiting, headache, confusion, fatigue, muscle cramps and seizures. Frequent urination, clear urine and swelling in hands, feet or face are also indications that you are suffering from water intoxication. In such situations, stop drinking water and consult a doctor. Diuretic medicines will help remove excess water from the body. Measures should also be taken to normalize the electrolyte levels in the body. Notably, the kidneys can filter only one litre of water per hour, and excessive water intake can put more pressure on the kidneys.
How much water is not too much?
How much water a person needs depends on climate, physical activity, and general health. Experts have pointed out that men need 3.7 liters of water and women 2.7 liters of water. This includes fluids from all sources, including tea, coffee, and juice. However, people who exercise and work in tiring conditions should ensure that they drink an adequate amount of water.
