Body Dysmorphic Disorder or BDD is an anxiety disorder that is related to body image issues. It causes compulsive behaviour about one or more perceived flaws or defects in your appearance. Those who suffer from BDD can’t stop thinking about their appearance and do not wish to show their body to others. Not just common people, but even celebrities suffer from body dysmorphia or body image issues. Recently, Bollywood filmmaker Karan Johar revealed that he suffers from body dysmorphia, adding that he gets awkward getting into a swimming pool. Johar opened up about his lifelong struggles to overcome body dysmorphia. Karan said that he would always feel fat even if he lost weight and that he wears oversized clothes as he doesn’t want anyone to see any part of his body. According to the American Psychological Association, those who have the disorder are excessively preoccupied with an 'imagined defect' in their physical appearance and have excessive concern with a slight anomaly. It can cause extreme stress as well.
Symptoms of BDD
According to the Mayo Clinic, the signs and symptoms of the disorder are:
1) A feeling that people take special notice of your appearance in a negative way and mock you.
2) Extreme preoccupation with a perceived flaw in appearance that others can't see
3) Frequent checking of mirror and grooming to fix the perceived flaw and difficulty in controlling the urge.
4) Constantly comparing your look with others
5) Seeking frequent reassurance from others on your appearance
6) Tendencies to be a perfectionist
7) Avoiding social situations
8) Engaging in cosmetic procedures but never getting satisfied with the results.
Causes of BDD
Even though the reason for body dysmorphia is unknown, genetic factors and the chemical imbalance in the brain are generally considered to be the causes. Body shaming or unwarranted comments made by others about one’s body may affect your confidence. Moreover, unrealistic body images and beauty standards propagated by media too may ignite body dysmorphia. Extreme desire to be the best in everything, lack of confidence, anxiety and stress could lead to body image issues or dysmorphia.
When to seek medical help?
Do not hesitate to see a health care provider or mental health professional when anxiety about your appearance begins to affect your daily life. Cognitive behavioural therapy is usually the first line of treatment suggested for people with body dysmorphia. Psychiatrists may even prescribe medications that could lower the intensity of the symptoms and help in increasing confidence.
