Scientists have discovered a novel formulation of the prostate cancer drug abiraterone acetate that can dramatically improve the quality of life for people suffering from prostate cancer.
Pre-clinical trials by the University of South Australia show the new formulation of the drug - currently marketed as Zytiga - improves the drug's effectiveness by 40 per cent.
Developed by Professor Clive Prestidge's Nanostructure and Drug Delivery research group at University of South Australia's Cancer Research Institute, the breakthrough discovery uses an oil-based oral formulation that not only enables a smaller dose of the drug to be effective, but also has the potential to dramatically reduce possible side effects, such as joint swelling and diarrhoea.
Despite Zytiga being the leading formulation to treat prostate cancer, lead researcher Dr Hayley Schultz said the new formulation will ultimately provide a better treatment for patients with prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, with one in six at risk of diagnosis before the age of 85.
"Many drugs are poorly water soluble, so when they're ingested, they enter the gut but don't dissolve, which means that their therapeutic effect is limited," said Dr Schultz.
"This is the case for Zytiga. Here, only 10 per cent of the dose is absorbed, leaving the other 90 per cent undissolved, where it simply passes through the body as waste".
On top of this, patients taking Zytiga must fast for two hours prior to taking the drug, and another hour after taking the drug to achieve predictable absorption.
"And as you can imagine, this can be painstakingly inconvenient. Our new formulation changes this. By using oils to mimic pharmaceutical food effects, we're able to significantly increase the drug's solubilisation and absorption, making it more effective and a far less invasive treatment for patients," explained Schultz in a paper published in International Journal of Pharmaceutics.
The new formulation uses very high levels of abiraterone acetate dissolved within a specific oil and encapsulated within porous silica microparticles to form a powder that can be made into tablets or filled into capsules.
Applied to human treatment, it could reduce the dose from 1000mg to 700mg per day, without the need for fasting.
Professor Prestidge said if the team can secure funding, clinical trials in humans could be just two years away.
"Based on our knowledge of this drug's pharmaceutical food effect, we hypothesise its absorption in humans will be extensively improved using this technology".
