After the encounter killing of Burhan Wani, the militant commander of Hizbul Mujahideen, protests erupted in different parts of Kashmir Valley which killed around 60 persons and injured more than 4000 civilians. Curfews were imposed in various districts and security forces tried to control the stone pelting mobs using pellet guns.
Although it was earlier said that pellet guns were non-lethal, it wreaked havoc on the civilians, causing irreparable injuries like the loss of eyesight and even death. After severe criticisms, pellet guns will now be replaced with a less-lethal PAVA shells.
What are pellet guns and why are they lethal?
Pellets are loaded with lead and once fired, it will penetrate the target's skin tissues and also causes damage to the eyes, which could lead to blindness. Though it was said that pellet guns were non-lethal, they led to deaths of civilians. Hundreds of people have had eye injuries and many suffered complete blindness. The decision to find an alternative to pellet guns came after the widespread criticism of its usage.
What are PAVA shells?
PAVA ( Pelargonic Acid Vanillylamide) shells, also known as Nonivamide, are chilli-based and less-lethal munition. The organic compound is found in natural chilli pepper. It has the ability to severely irritate and even paralyze a human. The shells have been under trial at the Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, a CSIR laboratory in Lucknow.
How are they used?
Indian security forces will use PAVA for riot control and to counter the protests in the Valley. This includes 'dye marker grenade with irritant' and leaves a dye mark on the target, making it easy for the security force personnel to identify the protesters. PAVA shells have a range of 4-5 meters and will help the security personnel to react according to the target's actions.
How safe is PAVA?
Once the PAVA shells are fired on someone, the target will be paralyzed in a more effective way, compared to tear gas shells and other alternatives. According to the panel, PAVA is 'biosafe, better than chilli grenade or tear smoke shell and can also be used in combination with stun gun and tear shells'. The target will be immobilized for several minutes and can be incapacitated. It is said to be odorless and is not harmful to one's skin, unlike pellets.
Are they used in other countries?
PAVA shells are used in various countries to control protesters and riots. The use of PAVA is even approved by the United Kingdom to be used by the police.
