With expected 83 Tejas MK1A orders, ARDC shapes India’s upgraded fighter

Bengaluru: The Aircraft Research and Design Centre (ARDC), a vibrant wing of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has completed the structural design of the new variant of Light Combat Aircraft Tejas Mk1A.

The provisional set of drawings has also been released, which will finally be cleared by the certifying agencies.

The additional system design activities are currently in progress. In six months time, new set of equipment will start arriving ahead for integration. By then, the final system design is also expected to be in place.

If HAL sticks to the current timelines, then the integration of new systems will begin early next year, followed by series of rig tests and later the all critical flight tests.

It is expected close to 200 flight trials will be undertaken before all new systems are being proven as per the requirements and satisfaction of Indian Air Force (IAF).

The advanced features of Tejas Mk1A will be proven on two limited series production (LSP) aircraft, which are part of the ongoing trials of the fighter programme.

HAL hopes to have the final configuration of Tejas Mk1A by 2022-23.

All the current activities are expected to get a moral boost further when the Ministry of Defence (MoD) will finally award the contract of 83 Tejas Mk1As to HAL.

The contract worth around Rs 38,000 crore (including spares, weapons, engine test beds etc), is still under finalisation and is likely to be inked in the last quarter of this year.

Onus on HAL

Unlike the early versions of Tejas, ARDC will be the lead designer of Mk1A programme as per its work share arrangement with Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA). With this arrangement, HAL probably also got an opportunity to lessen the trust deficient other stakeholders had on them when it came to the Tejas programme.

With so much of national pride pinned on Tejas programme, the onus on HAL/ARDC has increased by many folds now. In addition to Tejas variants, the team has the responsibility of other projects like the HTT-40, IJT and UAVs to name a few.

Future programmes like LCA-MK2, TEDBF and AMCA will also see active participation of ARDC.
Tejas Mk1A is an upgraded version of the final operational clearance (FOC) configuration (Mk1) with 80 per cent of the detail components being the same.

HAL needs to deliver 20 MK1 variants to IAF for the second Tejas squadron in Sulur, the Flying Bullets.

Desi game-changer

The metal-cutting is expected to commence one year after the contract finalization and as things stand now, the Tejas Mk1A will have its first flight during the last quarter of FY 2022-23. The delivery of all the 83 aircraft will be completed within six years from the supply of the first fighter.

HAL is to deliver 73 fighters and 10 trainers under the yet-to-be-inked contract of 83 Tejas Mk1As.

HAL insiders term Tejas MK1A as a ‘real desi game-changer’ which will be setting aeronautical benchmarks for India’s future fighter programmes.

What give Tejas MK1A more teeth compared to its earlier version are four key capabilities over current variant of LCA. The major improvements are planned in operational roles, enhancing the combat ability and maintainability improvements through incorporation of AESA (Active Electronically Scanned Array) radar, electronic warfare (EW) suite, and BVR (beyond visual range) missile capabilities.

Desi missile Astra Mk1 will be integrated on Tejas Mk1A, giving an edge to the fighter over its contemporaries in BVR warfare.

“With the introduction of podded Self Protection Jammer (SPJ) and AESA on Tejas Mk1A, the survivability of the aircraft is further enhanced. Besides, Astra and ASRAAM (Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile), the fighter will also carry missiles for long range as well as short range operations. This is in addition to prevailing store configurations to increase offensive capability,” an official overseeing the programme said.

The AESA radar will give Tejas improved range with near simultaneous missile firing options on multiple targets and increased situational awareness with mode interleaving.

“The AESA radar will be electronically scanned agile beam radar based on TRM (Transmit/Receive Modules) and supports multimode operation. The radar is having capability to track multiple targets at a time in air-to-air, air-to-ground and air-to-sea modes,” says the official.

The Unified Electronic Warfare Suite (UEWS) will provide capabilities for electronic counter measures (ECM) and ECCM (Electronic counter-countermeasures) with extended band of operation for threat detection and jamming capability.

“The EW capability will increase survivability of the aircraft in a networked environment. With the integration of an external jamming pod, the aircraft will be able to do its duty as offensive air combat platform,” he added.

More real estate

Additional features that are getting on board Tejas Mk1A boosting its precision war fighting capabilities include: Digital Moving Map with 2D maps & 3D perspective view, provision for GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)-based positioning system, GAGAN (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) and SBAS (Satellite-based Augmentation System).

“The Tejas Mk1A will have excellent manoeuvrability, unhindered by control and stability considerations, over the widest possible speed and CG (centre of gravity) range from + 8 to -3 g,” says the official.

On the maintainability front, the new Tejas promises to be a delight for the ground support crew with ARDC planning to incorporate many new features.

“The idea is to step up the availability of aircraft and reduce the turnaround time. Based on various inputs, we are making changes in the roots of the aircraft,” says the official.

New panels are getting in to reduce the DI (daily inspection) time. A new concept called panel-in-panel will be in place to increase the visibility of the components during DI.

It is certain that the designers and engineers are leaving no efforts to create real estate on Tejas Mk1A to address long-term maintainability issues. New set of cables are to be in increasing more space inside the aircraft.

(The writer is an independent aerospace, defence journalist, who blogs at Tarmak007 and tweets @writetake.)