National Cancer Awareness Day: Theme, origin, preventive measures and the way forward

The National Cancer Awareness Day is observed every year on November 7. It is a crucial event in India and is dedicated to raising awareness about cancer, one of the most pressing health concerns in India. It reminds us to educate ourselves on cancer and take preventive measures for early detection and provide essential support to individuals battling the disease. In 2024, the theme for National Cancer Awareness Day is 'Hope, Prevention, and Support,' and the day focuses on fostering a proactive approach to cancer awareness and encouraging communities to unite against the disease.
The story
This observance was introduced in 2014 by Dr Harsh Vardhan, former Union Health Minister, to highlight the importance of cancer awareness and early detection. Since early diagnosis can significantly improve cancer outcomes, National Cancer Awareness Day provides a platform to inform people about risk factors, prevention, and available resources. It also emphasizes lifestyle modifications, awareness campaigns, and regular screenings as essential strategies for managing personal health.

Why is cancer a major health concern in India?
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in India, following cardiovascular diseases, with over 1.3 million new cases reported annually. Factors like ageing, urbanization, and lifestyle shifts, including poor diet, inactivity, and tobacco use, contribute to this rising cancer burden. India’s fight against cancer faces unique challenges due to its large population, socioeconomic disparities, and limited healthcare access in many regions. Misconceptions about cancer often lead to delayed diagnosis and higher mortality rates, making education and awareness even more vital.

Common types of cancer in India
Several cancers are prevalent in India, each affecting different demographics across the population:
Breast cancer: This is the most common cancer among women in India. Early detection plays a significant role in treatability, making awareness and regular screening crucial.
Cervical cancer: India accounts for about 25% of global cervical cancer cases, with low HPV vaccination coverage and limited screening access, especially in rural areas.
Lung cancer: Primarily affecting men, lung cancer is driven by high tobacco usage and air pollution, both significant issues in urban areas.
Oral cancer: With the widespread habit of chewing tobacco, oral cancer rates remain high, particularly among men in rural regions.
Colorectal cancer: Cases of this cancer are increasing, particularly in urban populations, and are often linked to diets high in red meat and low in fibre.

Cancer in Kerala: A state perspective
Kerala, known for its high literacy rates and healthcare awareness, presents a unique case. Although the state has made strides in healthcare, lifestyle factors and an ageing population contribute to high rates of cancer, particularly oral, lung, and breast cancers. Kerala’s government has implemented programs to promote screenings and cancer awareness, aiding in the early detection and management of many cases.
Preventive measures and screening
A primary focus of National Cancer Awareness Day is to promote preventive measures and screening programs. Many cancers, such as breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, can be more easily managed if detected early.

Here are some key preventive measures
Screening programs: Regular screenings, such as mammograms, Pap smears, and HPV tests, play a central role in cancer prevention. The government’s National Cancer Control Programs offer screening services in health centres across urban and rural areas.
Lifestyle changes: Avoiding tobacco and alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and regular physical activity can substantially reduce cancer risk, especially since tobacco alone accounts for around 40% of cancer cases in India.
Dietary adjustments: Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and fibre can reduce the risk of certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Limiting red meat and processed foods is also beneficial.
HPV vaccination: Given the high prevalence of cervical cancer, introducing the HPV vaccine more widely across states can be a powerful preventive tool.
Public awareness campaigns: Media and community-based campaigns help educate the public about cancer symptoms and prevention, empowering people to seek medical attention at the earliest signs of illness.

Supporting cancer patients
Cancer treatment involves medical intervention and substantial emotional and financial support. Here are meaningful ways communities and individuals can help:
Emotional support: Patients need emotional support to cope with the stress of treatment. Listening to their concerns, offering encouragement, and being present can have a profound impact.
Financial assistance: Cancer treatment costs can be overwhelming. Contributions to cancer foundations, fundraising efforts, and direct support for families can alleviate some of this burden. Community support groups: Support groups provide patients with a platform to share experiences, coping strategies, and emotional support. Kerala has several cancer support networks that offer valuable resources and counselling.
Raising awareness: Volunteering to organize awareness drives at schools, colleges, and communities helps spread vital information about symptoms and prevention.
Offering practical help: Practical assistance, such as providing transportation to hospital appointments, meal preparation, or childcare, can ease the strain on families dealing with cancer.
Volunteering with cancer organizations: National and local organizations welcome volunteers to assist with awareness events, administrative tasks, and community outreach programs.

Moving forward: A call to action
National Cancer Awareness Day encourages all Indians to come together, educate themselves, and extend their support to those affected by cancer. In a diverse country with varying healthcare resources, it’s vital to use every opportunity to promote awareness, early detection, and treatment access. India’s fight against cancer requires a collaborative approach among government bodies, healthcare providers, NGOs, and individuals. By focusing on awareness, lifestyle choices, regular screenings, and proactive health management, we can work toward a future with reduced cancer rates and improved care for those affected. The 2024 theme, “Hope, Prevention, and Support,” reminds us that while cancer remains a formidable challenge, a united effort can make a profound difference. By fostering knowledge, empathy, and actionable support, each of us can contribute to building a healthier, more informed, and supportive society.
(Dr Deepthi TR is a Specialist in Early Cancer Detection and Prevention, Oncure Preventive and Healthcare Centre Kannur)