When and how to introduce cow’s milk into your child’s diet: A comprehensive guide

Introducing dairy into your child’s diet is an important step in their nutritional development. Dairy products, especially cow's milk, are rich in essential nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, and protein, which are vital for bone growth and overall health. However, it’s crucial to introduce dairy at the right time and in the proper forms to ensure it is both safe and beneficial for your child.

When to introduce dairy
Breast milk or formula before 1 year
During the first 12 months, a baby’s primary source of nutrition should be breast milk or formula. These provide the right balance of nutrients necessary for healthy growth and development. Cow's milk is not recommended as a primary drink for babies under 1 year of age, as it lacks the essential nutrients found in breast milk or formula and can be difficult for their developing digestive systems to handle.

Dairy products after 6 months (in small amounts)
From 6 months, you can start introducing small amounts of dairy products such as curd, yogurt, cheese, or milk mixed into foods. This can be added to cereals or purees, helping your baby get used to dairy in a manageable form without it being their main drink. Full-fat yogurt and cheese are rich in calcium and fats, which are important for brain development.

Whole milk after 1 year
Once your baby turns 1 year old, they can start drinking cow’s milk as part of their regular diet. At this stage, their digestive system is better equipped to handle the proteins in cow’s milk. Whole milk is recommended at this age because the fat content supports brain development and growth. You can offer about 2-3 cups (16-24 ounces) of milk per day.

How to introduce milk
Once your child turns 1, you can start replacing formula or breast milk with whole cow's milk. Begin by offering a small amount, around 4-6 ounces, alongside solid meals. Gradually increase the amount to meet their daily dairy needs. If your child is still breastfeeding, you can introduce cow’s milk while continuing to nurse.

To help your child adjust to the taste of cow's milk, you can mix it with their usual foods. For example, add it to oatmeal or cereal or incorporate it into smoothies and mashed vegetables.

Monitor for allergies or intolerance
When introducing dairy, watch for signs of cow’s milk allergy or lactose intolerance. Common symptoms of a milk allergy include rash, swelling, vomiting, or diarrhoea. If you notice these symptoms, consult your paediatrician immediately. Lactose intolerance may cause gas, bloating, or discomfort after consuming dairy.

Key tips for introducing dairy

• Choose full-fat options: Until your child is 2 years old, it’s best to offer full-fat dairy products as they contain the necessary fats for brain and nerve development.
• Limit excessive dairy: While dairy is important, consuming too much cow’s milk can lead to iron deficiency and reduce appetite for other nutritious foods. Limit cow’s milk to 16-24 ounces per day.
• Opt for pasteurized products: Always ensure that any milk, cheese, or yogurt you give to your child is pasteurized to avoid the risk of harmful bacteria.

Dairy alternatives for toddlers
If your child has a milk allergy or is lactose intolerant, there are other sources of calcium and vitamin D:

Fortified plant-based milks: Almond, soy, and oat milk can be good alternatives, but make sure they are fortified with calcium and vitamin D. These should also be offered after the age of 1.

Calcium-rich foods: Dark leafy greens, fortified cereals, tofu, and beans are excellent sources of calcium and can supplement a dairy-free diet.

Introducing dairy is a gradual process that begins with small amounts of yogurt and cheese around 6 months and progresses to whole milk after 1 year. It’s important to monitor your child’s reaction to dairy and consult with your paediatrician if you have any concerns. Dairy is an essential part of a balanced diet for growing toddlers, providing the necessary nutrients for strong bones and overall development.