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Last year, he won a silver medal at the Hangzhou Asian Games.
Anand trains young Indians at his WestBridge Anand Chess Academy.
Arkady Dvorkovich was re-elected president for a second term.
Union Sports Minister Thakur inaugurated the opening round by making the first move on Vidit Gujrathi's board.
Players from 187 countries are registered for the Olympiad that will be held from July 28 to August 10.
Anand finished with 14.5 points behind world champion Magnus Carlsen (16.5) and Shakhriyar Mamedyarov of Azerbaijan (15.5).
After defeating the Norwegian superstar in the Blitz event that preceded the Classical section, Anand claimed the victory in a thrilling Armageddon (sudden death game) after the regular match ended in a 40-move draw.
Last month, Anand had announced that he will be supporting Dvorkovich in the FIDE elections.
India will field four teams, two each in the Open and Women's sections.
The Indian hockey goalkeeper's wife Dr Aneeshya received the prize from former world chess champions Viswanathan Anand.